Researchers Provide Novel Insights into Primate Arterial Aging [2020-05-08]
Cardiovascular disorders are leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide. Age-associated changes in arterial properties, such as endothelial dysfunction and structural alterations, are considered to be initial events in the development of atherosclerosis. Due to the high heterogeneity of vascular cells from different sources, our understanding of human arterial aging and the development of interventions against human arterial aging and associated diseases are hindered....
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Novel Insight into the first multi-tissue single-cell transcriptomic atlases in Rattus norvegicus aging and CR [2020-02-28]
The progressive functional decline in various organs with age contributes to a series of aging-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The diversity of cell types underlies the heterogeneity and complexity of tissues and organs, leading to distinct cellular and molecular features in different tissues and organs during aging. It is difficult to accurately reveal the cellular and molecular changes in different cell types during aging via traditional research techniques. In......
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Neural precursor cells regulate the development of microglia during the early brain. [2019-11-14]
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play an important role in the development of brain. These important effects of microglia are related to their specific spatial and temporal distribution in the embryonic cerebral cortex, but how microglia develop in the brain during neurogenesis, and whether neural stem cells affect the development of microglia are still unclear....
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Neural precursor cells regulate the development of microglia [2019-11-12]
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play an important role in the brain and protect the brain from the invasion and destruction of virus and bacteria. Microglia are involved in brain damage, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to its role in adult physiological and pathological conditions, microglia exert the function in the whole stage of brain development. These important effects of microglia are related to their specific spatial and temporal distribution in the embry......
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Primate embryos grown in the lab to gastrulation stage [2019-11-07]
Peri-implantation embryonic development is a critical process during which the embryo establishes a close relationship with maternal uterus, forms the basic body plan, and differentiates into three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) through gastrulation1. The endoderm gives rise to most of the internal linings of the embryo body, including the lungs, the liver, the pancreas and the intestinal tract; the mesoderm differentiates into the heart, the skin, the muscle system and the bones; the ectoderm forms the ner......
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Inhibition of PDE10A rescues impaired social behavior, learning and memory in mice with partial loss of MIR137 [2018-11-17]
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and difficulty with social communication and interaction. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ASD are poorly understood. Previous meta-analyses combining genome-wide association studies identified MIR137 as a candidate ASD gene. However, whether the dysregulation of miR-137 leads directly to the phenotypes associated with ASD remains to be determined....
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Human Embryonic Stem Cells-derived Dopaminergic Neurons Alleviate Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease in Monkeys [2018-06-13]
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the leading neural degenerative disorders, which is primarily caused by death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. This type of disorder is now possibly treated using stem cell-based strategy, such as transplantation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated derivatives. However, prior to the clinical application of hESCs-derived cells, pre-clinical data was required to show their safety and efficacy.
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Yu Wang and Colleagues Review the Basic and Translational Studies of Hedgehog Signaling in Cell Chemical Biology [2017-03-10]
Hedgehog (HH) signaling plays an important role in certain types of adult stem cells and cancer stem cells. Its aberrant activity is linked to degenerative diseases and a multitude of cancers. Considerable interest has focused on studying the mechanisms of HH signaling pathway and the identification of drugs that modulate the pathway activity. Decades of work delivered successful cancer therapies out of basic biology, exemplified by two leading drugs, vismodegib and sonidegib, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug A......
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Chinese scientists discover an important regulator involved in alternative mRNA splicing in mouse spermatogonia and the transition to meiosis [2017-02-03]
Alternative splicing significantly expands the form and function of the genome of organisms with limited gene number and is especially important for several stages of mouse spermatogenesis. In addition, a number of trans-acting regulators of pre-mRNA splicing are primarily or exclusively expressed in mouse testis and may regulate the proper alternative splicing of germ cells. Despite protracted effort, deciphering how pre-mRNA splicing functions during spermatogenesis remains a great challenge for the field....
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From subtlety to fate: new insights for the first mammalian embryo fate decision [2015-10-26]
In mammalian preimplantation embryo development, when the first asymmetry emerges and how it develops to direct distinct cell fates are two longstanding questions. It remains debatable whether the first bifurcation of cell fate emerges randomly at morula stage, or has been predetermined at earlier stages before morphological distinction....
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